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Mini-MosFet Audio Amplifier
Including Preamp, Tone Controls, Regulated dc Power Supply
18 Watt into 8 Ohm - 30W into 4 Ohm loads
Power Amplifier Circuit diagram:
Mini MosFet Power Amplifier
Power Amplifier Parts:
R1___2K2 1/4W Resistor
R2___27K 1/4W Resistor
R3,R4____ 2K2 1/2W Trimmers Cermet or Carbon (or 2K)
R5___100R 1/4W Resistor
R6___1K 1/4W Resistor
R7,R8____ 330R 1/4W Resistors
C1____22µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2__47pF 63V Polystyrene or Ceramic Capacitor
C3,C4___100µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitors
C5____2200µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
Q1____BC550C 45V 100mA Low noise High gain NPN Transistor
Q2__IRF530 100V 14A N-Channel Hexfet Transistor (or MTP12N10)
Q3____IRF9530 100V 12A P-Channel Hexfet Transistor (or MTP12P10)
Comments:
This project was a sort of challenge: designing an audio amplifier capable of delivering a decent output power with a minimum parts count, without sacrificing quality.
The Power Amplifier section employs only three transistors and a handful of resistors and capacitors in a shunt feedback configuration but can deliver more than 18W into 8 Ohm with <0.08% THD @ 1KHz at the onset of clipping (0.04% @ 1W - 1KHz and 0.02% @ 1W - 10KHz) and up to 30W into a 4 Ohm load.
To obtain such a performance and to ensure overall stability of this very simple circuitry, a suitable regulated dc power supply is mandatory. This is not a snag because it also helps in keeping noise and hum of the preamp to very low levels and guarantees a predictable output power into different load impedances. Finally, as the amplifier requires only a single rail supply, a very good dc voltage regulator capable of supplying more than 2 Amps @ 40V can be implemented with a few parts also.
Setting up the Power Amplifier:
The setup of this amplifier must be done carefully and with no haste:
1. Connect the Power Supply Unit (previously tested separately) to the Power Amplifier but not the Preamp: the input of the Power Amplifier must be left open.
2. Rotate the cursor of R4 fully towards Q1 Collector.
3. Set the cursor of R3 to about the middle of its travel.
4. Connect a suitable loudspeaker or a 8 Ohm 20W resistor to the amplifier output.
5. Connect a Multimeter, set to measure about 50V fsd, across the positive end of C5 and the negative ground.
6. Switch on the supply and rotate R3 very slowly in order to read about 23V on the Multimeter display.
7. Switch off the supply, disconnect the Multimeter and reconnect it, set to measure at least 1Amp fsd, in series to the positive supply (the possible use of a second Multimeter in this place will be very welcomed).
8. Switch on the supply and rotate R4 very slowly until a reading of about 120mA is displayed.
9. Check again the voltage at the positive end of C5 and readjust R3 if necessary.
10. If R3 was readjusted, R4 will surely require some readjustment.
11. Wait about 15 minutes, watch if the current is varying and readjust if necessary.
12. Please note that R3 and R4 are very sensitive: very small movements will cause rather high voltage or current variations, so be careful.
13. Those lucky enough to reach an oscilloscope and a 1KHz sine wave generator, can drive the amplifier to the maximum output power and adjust R3 in order to obtain a symmetrical clipping of the sine wave displayed.
Preamp Circuit diagram:
Preamp for the Mini-MosFet Amplifier
Preamp Parts:
P1____50K Log. Potentiometer (or 47K)
(twin concentric-spindle dual gang for stereo)
P2,P3_____100K Linear Potentiometers
(twin concentric-spindle dual gang for stereo)
R1___220K 1/4W Resistor
R2___100K 1/4W Resistor
R3___2K7 1/4W Resistor
R4,R5____ 8K2 1/4W Resistors
R6___4K7 1/4W Resistor
R7,R8,R13___2K2 1/4W Resistors
R9___2M2 1/4W Resistor
R10,R11__ 47K 1/4W Resistor
R12___33K 1/4W Resistor
R14__470R 1/4W Resistor
R15___10K 1/4W Resistor
R16______3K3 1/4W Resistor (See Notes)
C1,C2,C9_470nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C3,C4___47nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C5,C6__6n8 63V Polyester Capacitors
C7____10µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitor
C8,C10__22µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C11__470µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor (See Notes)
Q1,Q3___BC550C 45V 100mA Low noise High gain NPN Transistors
Q2_____2N3819 General-purpose N-Channel FET
Comments:
The Preamp sensitivity and overload margin were designed to cope with most modern music programme sources like CD players, Tape recorders, iPods, Computer audio outputs, Tuners etc. The source selecting switches and input connectors are not shown and their number and arrangement are left to the constructor's choice.
To obtain a very high input overload margin, the volume control was placed at the preamp input. After a unity gain, impedance converter stage (Q1) a negative-feedback Baxandall-type Bass and Treble tone control stage was added. As this stage must provide some gain (about 5.6 times) a very low noise, "bootstrapped" two-transistors circuitry with FET-input was implemented. This stage features also excellent THD figures up to 4V RMS output and a low output impedance, necessary to drive properly the Mini-MosFet Power Amplifier, but can also be used for other purposes.
Regulated Power Supply Circuit diagram:
Regulated Power Supply for the Mini-MosFet Amplifier
Regulated Power Supply Parts:
R1___3R9 1 or 2W Resistor
R2____22R 1/4W Resistor
R3___6K8 1/4W Resistor
R4___220R 1/4W Resistor
R5___4K7 1/2W Resistor
C1__3300µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor (or 4700µF 50V)
C2,C5__100nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C3__10µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitor
C4___220µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1_Diode bridge 100V 4A
D2___1N4002 200V 1A Diode
D3______LED Any type and color
IC1___LM317T 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator
Q1____TIP42A 60V 6A PNP Transistor
SW2_____SPST Mains switch
T1_____230V Primary, 35-36V (Center-tapped) Secondary,
50-75VA Mains transformer (See Notes)
PL1____Male Mains plug with cord
Comments:
A very good and powerful Regulated Power Supply section was implemented by simply adding a PNP power transistor to the excellent LM317T adjustable regulator chip. In this way this circuit was able to deliver much more than the power required to drive two Mini-MosFet amplifiers to full output (at least 2Amp @ 40V into 4 Ohm load) without any appreciable effort.
Notes:
* Q2 and Q3 in the Power Amplifier must be mounted each on a finned heatsink of at least 80x40x25mm.
* Q1 and IC1 in the Regulated Power Supply must be mounted on a finned heatsink of at least 45x40x17mm.
* A power Transformer having a secondary winding rated at 35 - 36V and 50VA (i.e. about 1.4Amp) is required if you intend to use Loudspeaker cabinets of 8 Ohm nominal impedance. To drive 4 Ohm loads at high power levels, a 70 - 75VA Transformer (2Amp at least) will be a better choice. These transformers are usually center tapped: the central lead will be obviously left open.
* For the stereo version of this project, R16 and C11 in the Preamp will be in common to both channels: therefore, only one item each is necessary. In this case, R16 must be a 1K5 1/2W resistor. The value of C11 will remain unchanged.
Technical data:
Output power:
18 Watt RMS into 8 Ohm (1KHz sine wave) - 30 Watt RMS into 4 Ohm
Input sensitivity of the complete Amplifier:
160mV RMS for full output
Power Amplifier Input sensitivity:
900mV RMS for full output
Power Amplifier Frequency response @ 1W RMS:
flat from 40Hz to 20KHz, -0.7dB @ 30Hz, -1.7dB @ 20Hz
Power Amplifier Total harmonic distortion @ 1KHz:
100mW 0.04% 1W 0.04% 10W 0.06% 18W 0.08%
Power Amplifier Total harmonic distortion @10KHz:
100mW 0.02% 1W 0.02% 10W 0.05% 18W 0.12%
Unconditionally stable on capacitive loads
Preamp Maximum output voltage:
4V RMS
Preamp Frequency response:
flat from 20Hz to 20KHz
Preamp Total harmonic distortion @ 1KHz:
1V RMS 0.007% 3V RMS 0.035%
Preamp Total harmonic distortion @10KHz:
1V RMS 0.007% 3V RMS 0.02%
Bass control frequency range referred to 1KHz:
±20dB @ 40Hz
Treble control frequency range referred to 1KHz:
+18dB/-20dB @ 20KHz
